Why the Drinking Age Should Stay 21 free essay sample

This demonstration has caused debate for quite a long time, there even is gathering of 136 school presidents called Amethyst Initiative that help a lower least legitimate drinking age (MLDA). These school presidents have marked a request that concurs with bringing down the MLDA. The Amethyst Initiative collaborated with another Association called Choose Responsibly that additionally trusts MLDA ought to be brought down. The Choose Responsibility affiliation distributed a useful letter composed by John McCardell communicating numerous contentions and motivation behind why they accept the MLDA ought to be brought down. I read this article and numerous different articles that accept the MLDA ought to be brought down. I can't help contradicting every one of them for three reasons my first explanation is that bringing down the MLDA would build utilization of minors and cause more hitting the bottle hard in America, my subsequent explanation is that changing the age to twenty one has spared that numerous lives, and the third reasons is that the drinking before 21 can defer mental health. Turning into a grown-up in this nation ought to be a procedure youthful Americans ought to need to manage getting opportunities and rights on age at once. It is highly unlikely a multi year old is sufficiently adult to drink without figuring out how to deal with having certain rights and opportunities first. For example, the national liquor related fatalities rate in 1984, preceding the MLDA was raised to 21was 4,612 passings in a year. From that point forward in 2006, 2,121 individuals ages 16 to 20 kicked the bucket in liquor related fatalities on U. S. streets, as per the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA). Anyway a few supporters of bringing down the MLDA, for example, John McCardell contend the explanation the fatalities have diminished is a direct result of improved security in vehicles. McCardell states in his article â€Å"improvements in safety belt use and air pack upgrades are the explanation the quantity of fatalities decreased†. In any case, McCardell neglects to make reference to that traffic fatalities inconsequential to liquor have additionally expanded 21 percent in the age gathering of 16 to multi year olds during a similar timeframe (NHTSA). In 1984 2,915 individuals kicked the bucket in disconnected liquor mishaps and in 2006 3,537 passed on in irrelevant mishaps (NHTSA). Vehicle security nothing to do with the drop in liquor related fatalities, changing the MLDA back to 21 has caused a drop in liquor related passings. There are some sensible contentions that McCardell and different supporters of bringing down the MLDA have. Probably the greatest contention is that a vast lion's share of individuals under 21 beverage any ways and a considerable lot of them perilously hit the booze hard. This is a genuine proclamation as indicated by the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDH) 48% of 18 to multi year olds expended liquor a month before the study and 33 % of 18 and 20 years of age hard-core boozing. Anyway numerous supporters of bringing down MLDA accept the explanation these numbers are so high is on the grounds that liquor is banned and these youngsters feel the surge of violating the law. Ruth Eng a supporter of bringing down the MLDA writes in her article (Why the Drinking Age Should be Lowerd) â€Å"drinking by young people is viewed as a taboo organic product, an identification of disobedience to power and an image grown-up hood. † However, on the off chance that Eng s hypothesis is right the hit the bottle hard rates and liquor utilization rates would bring down once youthful grown-ups turn 21 in light of the fact that it’s at long last legitimate to drink. On the difference, Eng’s hypothesis is s wrong the rates really sore higher once American citizens’ enter the age gathering of 21 to 25 years of age, the measure of gorge consumers in this age bunch increment 12. % and the utilization level bounce to 70%(NSDH). These statistics’ demonstrate Engs hypothesis that since Alcohol utilization is unlawful for youthful grown-ups will in general devour liquor and misuse liquor all the more regularly. On the off chance that their hypoth esis was genuine the hitting the bottle hard rate for 21 to 25 years olds would not be 45. 5% in 2010. Another measurement that refutes Engs â€Å"forbidden organic product theory† is the measurement noted by the University of Michigans Monitoring the Future investigation, they found that an extent of those 19-to 22-year-olds that gorged drank fourteen days preceding their studied in 1984 was 40. % and their present examination in 2006 found that lone 38. 1% gorged drank fourteen days before the ongoing review, Which; demonstrates that the 1984 demonstration has diminished hitting the bottle hard by 2% in America. This drop in hard-core boozing rates may just be a little drop in hitting the bottle hard rates. Which, pass on that Americans do have a high level of gorge consumers. This issue raises another contention that supporters of bringing down the drinking age raise. Supporters of bringing down the MLDA contrasted America with different nations that have a base drinking a ge of 18. Supporters of bringing down the MLDA state that in nations where the drinking age 18 youngsters drink more astute. John McCardell calls attention to some intriguing measurement he states† in southern European nations proportions of all drinking events to inebriation events were very low approximately one out of ten while in the United States, practically 50% of all drinking events including 15 and multi year-olds brought about inebriation. † McCardell measurement is mostly right the entirety of the southern European nations 15 and multi year olds do have lower paces of inebriation than Americas 15 and multi year old aside from Spain. As per the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (EPAS) this southern European nation detailed that 25% of 15 and multi year old in the review were inebriated in the earlier month. In Comparison, to America were just 18% of 15 to multi year olds were inebriated in the earlier month. McCardell likewise forgot about some significant data that the U. K, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, and Austria all had higher inebriation rates in the month preceding the overview in the age gathering of 15 and 16 years of age. These nations have a base drinking age no higher than 18 years of age and are northern and eastern European nations. Becoming inebriated at the youthful ages of 15 and 16 years of age isn't protected at all in light of the fact that the mind is as yet creating at that age. The American Medical Association (AMA) revealed in their Article Drinking Underage is D. U. M. B that â€Å"the cerebrum experiences dynamic change during pre-adulthood, and liquor can genuinely harm long-and momentary development forms. They clarify that the â€Å"Frontal flap advancement and the refinement of pathways and associations in the mind proceeds until age 16, and a high pace of vitality is utilized as the cerebrum develops until age 20(AMA). † This is critical to know since Alcohol is a concoction that harms the hippocampus and prefrontal projection regions of the mind. This damagebeing done can debilitate transient memory and makes learning a lot harder for teenagers. The AMA uncovered 4 examination discoveries in their article on considers done on young people that utilization liquor. The primary exploration finding was that immature consumers scored more regrettable than non-clients on jargon, general data, memory. The subsequent finding was memory recovery and at any rate three different tests Verbal and nonverbal data review was most vigorously influenced, with a 10 percent execution decline in liquor clients. The third finding was that immature consumers perform more regrettable in school, are bound to fall behind and have an expanded danger of social issues, melancholy, self-destructive considerations and brutality. The fourth and last finding was Alcohol influences the rest cycle, bringing about debilitated learning and memory just as disturbed arrival of hormones important for development and development. In the wake of hearing all the harm that liquor can do to a teenager’s cerebrum it would be ridiculous for America to bring down the drinking age, particularly in the wake of hearing that nations with MLDA’s of 18 have a higher utilization rate at the age 15 and 16 years of age. The age of 21 is the ideal age to begin devouring liquor in light of the fact that the mind has completely evolved. I for one got the chills from hearing these realities since I have been drinking since I was 13 years of age and been hitting the bottle hard since I was 16 years of age. The AMAs’ article has begun me considering how much mind harm I have presumably given myself. Until about a year prior consistently accepted that the time of utilization ought to be brought down to 18. My folks would consistently hear me more than once state â€Å"if I am mature enough amazing my nation why can’t I be mature enough to by a lager. I didn't begin to acknowledge why the MLDA being 21 is such something to be thankful for until I was around 20 years of age. I began to understand that every year I got more seasoned it got simpler for me to get liquor and on the off chance that I had as much availability to liquor as I do now there would be no chance I would be sufficiently developed to deal with and control my celebrating propensities. I disclosed this to my dad a man who grew up when the d rinking age was eighteen and he concurred with. My dad let me know â€Å"it’s something worth being thankful for they brought down the drinking age thing were approach to crazy back then† he proceeded to disclose to me a wide range of crazy stories comprising of bar brawls, engine vehicle mishaps, and numerous other ludicrously wild occasions that included liquor. I believe I grew up during an a lot more secure timeframe than he did in light of the fact that liquor is more earnestly to obtain and places to drink it wrongfully are more enthusiastically to discover. In the event that the drinking age was lower than 21 I for one accept my odds of biting the dust would have been extraordinarily expanded. Getting grown-up in America ought to be a procedure; multi year olds ought to need to take on duties, for example, casting a ballot, jury obligation, serving their nation if at war, and figuring out how to live all alone. These duties and rights given to youthful adult’s assist Americans with developing at a consistent pace. Giving an individual an entire bundle of opportunity and duties at the same time could bring about disorder. The youthful grown-up may not be sufficiently developed to deal with everything. That’s why I thinking keeping the drinking age 21 is useful for America. It has been demonstrated that

Jet Blue Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Stream Blue Case Study - Essay Example For this situation, it is important to examine human asset techniques, arrangements and practices coordinated toward the arrangement of best administrations inside the aircraft business. The accompanying paper will look at and make an examination of asset methodologies, approaches, and rehearses and their connection to one of the notable minimal effort U.S. transporters, JetBlue Airways. Regarding recruiting rehearses, JetBlue adheres to the Equal Employment Opportunities laws through its Corporation Affirmative Action Policy, which blocks any methods of segregation and badgering against any applicant, representative, providers, and client. As one of the key company’s qualities, Caring and Integrity in keeping EEO rules is surely (O’reill and Hoffer Gittell, 2001). As indicated by the Corporation Code of Conduct (2014), JetBlue regards people in a non-oppressive way and without respect on race, sex character, sexual direction and religion, age, citizenship, inabilities and such status as veteran. These are altogether the guidelines of the organization dependent on such laws as Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, Americans with Disabilities and Rehabilitation Act of 2008 and Fair Labor Standards Act of 1958 (EEO Laws, n.d.). The procedure of enrollment ought to be meant to loading up with certain hierarchical holes, however be centered around looking for explicit aptitudes and encounters of individuals to manufacture an association. The enrollment procedure at JetBlue, as per O’reilly and Hoffer Gittell (2001), is the most significant thing as it intends to look for the individuals who might fit organization esteems. For inside sources, representatives are at the most elevated worry inside the organization, as they probably am aware the prerequisites of different positions and can assume full liability on such knowing and want to hold a new position. JetBlue persuades capable crewmembers in various manners, building up its notoriety for extraordinary treating of

Take Home Exam, - Two Essays - Example

Take Home Exam, - Two Essays - Example Take Home Exam, - Two Essays - â€" Essay Example > SECTION A Q 1 - What are the main features of Islamic faith, practice and spirituality, and how are these features balanced within the religion? Features of Islamic Faith, Practice and Spirituality and Their BalanceIslam brought a new concept and ideal of religion. Muslims, the follower of Islam believe in Allah who is the possessor of all dimensions of highest excellence and of absolute perfection (Shipp, 1999, 45). He is the fountainhead of all values and ideals. He is the omnipotent, the omniscient, the infinite, the one and indivisible God, who has no partner, son or compeer. He is the Creator, the Sustainer, the Giver and the Evolver of everything that constitutes the cosmos (J. Jurji, 2003, 75). Allah Himself provided Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him) all the knowledge to preach Muslims. According to Islamic faith, Allah is one and Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him) is His Prophet. According to Quran, “It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces to the East and the West; but righ teous is he who believeth in Allah and the last day and the angels and the scripture and the Prophets; and giveth his wealth, for love of Him, to kins folk and to orphans and the needy and the wayfarer and to those who ask, and to set slaves free; and observeth proper worship and payeth the poor due (Zakat). And those who keep their treaty (or promise) when they make one, and the patient in tribulation and adversity and time of stress. ” (2:17)There are five pillars of Islam, which can also be called as practices that the Muslims are asked to perform as compulsions. They are Shahadah: It is the declaration that no one should be worshipped except Allah and Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him) is his messenger. Salah: The Muslims should pray to Allah five times a day. Zakat: Zakat means charity. Every Muslim has to pay Zakat at the ratio of 2.5 % over the possessions he/she has. Sawm: Sawm means fasting. Muslims are asked to fast from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan. Hajj: Hajj m eans Pilgrimage. Muslims are asked to perform Hajj if they are capable to, once in their lifetime. During the month of Zil-Hajj, Muslims reach Mecca for Hajj. The scripture of Islam, the Quran, is not a collection of dogmas, but a code of life. It is not voluminous treatise on theism, but a social, penal, commercial, civil, military, judicial, international and yet a religious code, which regulates everything that a human being has to do for its welfare from the cradle to the grave (Shipp, 1999, 65). Though it provides for every contingency of human affairs, it is wonderfully laconic. It is the masterpiece of Arabic language and is extolled through out the world for the simple grandeur of its diction, the chaste elegance of its style and the variety and magnificence of its imageries (King, 2000, 119). The three basic unities on which the entire structure of the Quranic message may be said to have been founded areTauhid-i-Ummah: Oneness of the nationality and mankind. Tauhid-i-Rabu biat: Oneness of the Rab, the Creator, Sustainer, Evolver and Guardian of all. Tauhid-i-Ibadat: Oneness of worship and the singleness of Almighty to Whom all should submit and surrender their entire selves.

The Many Roles of Women in the French Revolution

Persuasive Essay On Marijuana - 1056 Words

Marijuana is known to most people in society, and those people that are aware of marijuana do not have a depth of knowledge of the history or the effects of marijuana Generations before us would use Marijuana for ropes because of the strength is was capable of but now people that hear the word marijuana would probably go straight with the idea that marijuana is useless and would not do the society or the economy any good. If the government were to legalize the use of marijuana then they would make extra profit off it because of taxes and other problems could be resolved like better school environments, updated technology in the school system or to just help our body out. These opinions that the people say out into society are not entirely†¦show more content†¦Since Colorado is making money off the taxes for marijuana usage, their school construction is more up to date and their education system is much more efficient because of that fifteen percent tax on marijuana which me ans Colorado is paying good money to have high quality teachers to educate the students, where as, in a small town like Marshall, Missouri, where the whole high school needs to be demolished and rebuilt/remodeled because our high school is not an efficient environment to be learning in, the ceilings at Marshall High School have just been redone in the summer of 2017 because of the concaving that was occurring in mid April to March, some of the sinks do not work and some of the bathroom stalls have the door unhinged. These problems could easily be fixed immediately if the legalization of marijuana usage in Missouri is passed, money that the town does not have at the moment can be resolved if marijuana was legalized and then the town would be receiving that fifteen percent tax income where then it would go to school re/construction. Another issue that isShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Marijuana918 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana isnt as bad as people say it is. These are reasons w hy marijuana isnt as harmful for your body for you as you think. There are actually many benefits from marijuana that can help you. Marijuana can help people more than harm them,everybody says that marijuana is bad for you but it is the only drug that actually has medical benefits. Such as glaucoma, marijuana can help prevent and treat glaucoma, which increases pressure of the eyeball. 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Immigration Paper Free Essays

string(136) " on to high school it was as if there was a shift from being ashamed of my race and culture to embracing it and wanting to showcase it\." From the air we breathe to the food we eat, we as people are all the same. Whether it may be light skin or dark skin, characteristics in which make us different on the outside differ, not because we want it to, but because of our ancestral history. History shows us that because of a person’s location, adaptation to that location occurs. We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, history shows us that people of darker skin are found in countries closer to the equator because more pigment is needed in a persons genetic makeup In order to withdraw themselves from the various diseases and effects that may be obtained from standing in the sun for an extended period of time. There are several causes and disparities of external traits or appearances that divide us Into several groupings or categories which are called â€Å"races. † In other words, races categorize people through socially significant hereditary traits. With the has been defined differently all throughout history. These indistinct interpretations effect the way one approaches the topic. Racism can broadly be defined as a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement; usually involving the idea that one’s own race is superior and has the right to rule others. Racism and discrimination being the acts of ones prejudicial thoughts can lead us to believe that discrimination based on someone’s ethnicity occurs everywhere. From the houses or apartments we live in to the shoes we wear anything and everything is a reflection of ethnic discrimination. For example, in America we have a capitalistic economy. In a capitalistic economy entrepreneurs profit off of work done by others who are hired to do the Jobs that business owners do not want to do. Statistics show that Jobs such as farming, cleaning, plumbing, etc. Are done by minorities while the superior race who is usually a white male gains a vast majority of profit due to many hours worked and low pay. Racism, an ideology that is taught not born with, is present throughout the labor force. Ethnic discrimination is used to maintain balance throughout the division of labor. As stated previously in a capitalistic economy every Job requires someone of a Geiger position. No matter what Job title a person may have there is always someone of higher power. With that said, the workers who usually do the low end Jobs are usually Latino and African-Americans who are a minority race in America the land we call a democratic territory, though many beg to differ. Everywhere we look serves as a primary example to ethnic discrimination. This can be illustrated when stepping foot into a McDonald’s seeing almost every worker of colored skin working six to twelve hours, still having trouble having a place to sleep, and knowing that the rooters Richard and Maurice McDonald are multi billionaires off of the work done by mostly minorities. Ethnicity: I am Spanish. I am White. I am Black. I am of Korean decent. I am British. I don’t have race or culture. Comments such as these are every day examples of how many people view their race and identity. Even though many people are unsure of what it truly means to have culture we make claims about it on a daily basis. Some feel they have a race while others simply feel they do not. We include based on who fits into this ideal and exclude those who do not. The fact of the matter is that culture is employ, learned through every day experience, conflicting and contradictory, relational because it is learned through interactions with others, and per formative, as our interactions are performances with public domain, is something that people never seem to think about, until we are put in a situation, in which we then become aware that we are different. Our knowledge of culture, ethnicity and identity is subconsciously internalized on a daily basis through constant social interactions. Although the concepts of race and ethnicity are socially constructed, they are real in their consequences. Their affects on the social world can be seen from my very own how Vive come to view my own sense of identity. As an adoptive child of white decent in a Hispanic family which lived in a predominately African American neighborhood I noticed many things as a child that allowed me to constantly become aware that I was different. Through interactions with peers in my elementary school, I noticed my hair was different; my color was a lot lighter than most, and that I was overall different. â€Å"Look who has nice shiny hair† were comments that lingered through my Junior high school days, where I struggled o fit in by shaving my head and dressing a certain way. Although I longed to feel a part of a certain group I kept sane by hanging with people of similar background. We were all ethnically similar in the sense that we all derived from Hispanic households. Based on this exclusion, ethnic symbols such as Spanish music and dancing were what set us apart and defined us. Not only was this alienation felt among my peers and myself, but it was also felt inside the classroom. Growing up I never quite felt that I could speak up in class and show my outgoing personality at such a young age n fear that people would make fun of me. I knew I was different and did not want to cause them to focus their attention on that difference. For projects in school, I would always take the role that required speaking the least, so that I wouldn’t have to speak in front of them. I got along with everybody, but was not truly myself until I set foot inside my home, my private domain. At home I could eat all the rice and beans I wanted to without the fear of abandonment. Moving on to high school it was as if there was a shift from being ashamed of my race and culture to embracing it and wanting to showcase it. You read "Immigration Paper" in category "Papers" It was overnight, and I don’t think that there was ever a time where I Just changed overnight, but it was definitely a process of starting to become comfortable in my own skin and being surrounded in an ethnic school with different cultures, and not Just whites, that allowed me to really embrace my racial difference. High school whether subconscious or not, racial sub-cultures emerge. In high school, cliques are formed on that very aspect of ethnicity and culture. People hang out with people that look like them, that dress likes them, and who they feel they can relate to. It was high school where I truly Egan to have a sense of my Hispanic culture. I ate all the rice and beans, danced to salsa and meringue, and sang along to Marc Anthony and Victor Manuel. It was only there that my true outgoing and friendly personal came out. I became more a more active participant in the school. For instance, becoming part of committees such as film club, debate club, and music club. Also big part of the swim team. Although I associated with all races, I took pride in hanging with my friends in my ethnic group. Only there we could talk about the latest of our countries. The newfound confidence in my culture had a lot to do with media presentations. Despite the embedded racism towards Hispanics and African Americans on television, when growing up Hispanic artists had become increasingly popular, and so had urban culture. Spanish music had been brought back to light, and it had taken my fear of being different with it. Not only did I listen to it, I made it apart of me and welcomed it with open arms. When I watched television though I look nothing like the Hispanic people on television I knew I was apart of them because of the family I had been growing up in. I related to the culture. The culture have respect for it. Not only did media representations of black culture help me to understand my identity, it also helped redefine it. What I through it meant to belong to my Hispanic culture had begun to change. â€Å"Why can’t you dance to Meringue? â€Å", â€Å"Can’t talk Spanish? † , were common questions that were made to me as I moved up in my high school years. I began to feel stigmatize by my own Hispanic people. No I had to work twice as hard because I didn’t fit in with the whites, and I didn’t fully fit in with the Hispanics. For whites, I was to loud, liked too much Spanish music and had a style that was too â€Å"ghetto’. So again, I began to have doubts as to where I fit in. My university years were where I surrounded myself with other adoptive students who were able to relate, and find a true sense of identity. It is now since I am older and in university do I understand the power the media had in reinforcing stereotypes and maintaining social inequalities. It is this aspect do I continue to four struggles with today. As I am plagued with images of Hispanic women pregnant, speaking in slang, fighting, and in music videos half naked. Only within the last few years have I come to understand why I was struggling with fitting in. It is because the media portrays how they perceive the majority of Hispanic women. We get caught up in their misconceptions, and Just buy into what we think we are destined to become. The media leaves out the successful Hispanics who have struggled to make their life one worth living. Immigration: In 21st century America, illegal immigration is an issue at the forefront of many a debate. While people have always unlawfully crept across borders, recent history has seen no such wave of this crime as has been on display in the USA over the last few decades. Stemming from Central and South America, primarily Mexico, the flow of â€Å"border mummers† has increased substantially, and continues to do so, despite the efforts of border patrols and organizations such as Americans for Legal Immigration, Americans for Immigration Control, and the Minutemen Civil Defense Corps. According to the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) estimates of the illegal immigration population, between 1990 and 2000 the amount of illegal immigrants to the US rose at an average of 350,200 people every year, doubling the nation’s entire illegal population. ‘ The amount of illegal immigrants has become so vast that since the mid-sass the umber of people entering the US illegally has surpassed that of their legal counterpart. Ii In 2000, INS estimates had the number of illegal immigrants from Mexico alone at 4,808,000, more than 60% of total Mexican immigrants. Ii By amount of illegal immigrants, the next 9 source countries combined provide less than a quarter of the people Mexico does. One of the most significant impacts of illegal immigration in the US has been crime. According to a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report on incarcerated arrested a total of 459,614 times, averaging about 8 arrests per illegal alien. They were arrested for a total o f about 700,000 criminal offenses, averaging about 13 offenses per illegal alien. 49% had previously been convicted of a felony, 20% of a drug offense; 18% a violent offense, and 11%, other felony offenses. 1% of the arrests occurred after 1990 56% of those charged with a reentry offense had previously been convicted on at least 5 prior occasions. Defendants charged with unlawful reentry had the most extensive criminal histories. 90% had been previously arrested. Of those with a prior arrest, 50% had been arrested for violent or drug-related felonies. Iv Note the â€Å"reentry offense† in the last two statistics. There are criminals who had already been convicted of crimes and deported on previous occasions, only to return illegally and continue a life of crime. According to the US Justice Department, over the course of 2003 an estimated 270,000 illegal immigrants served Jail time throughout the country. Of those, 108,000 were in California, the state that suffers the most from crime on the part of illegal immigrants. According to an Urban Institute study, 17% of America’s prison population at a federal level consists of illegal aliens, an astounding figure, engendering they only make up 3% of the US population. Former California Gob. Pete Wilson places the percentage of illegal aliens in U. S. Prisons even higher, at 20%. The incessant illegal immigrant crime wave shows no signs of slowing down, and the US government is not taking serious enough prevention measures. According to the Federation for American Immigration Reform, citing US Justice Department statistics, â€Å"In March 2000, Congress made public Department of Justice statistics showing that, over the previous five years, the INS had released over 35,000 criminal aliens instead of deporting them. Over 11,000 of those released went on to commit serious crimes, over 1,800 of which were violent ones [including 98 homicides, 142 sexual assaults, and 44 kidnappings]. While many deported aliens reenter the country, it is a daunting enough task to prevent some from doing so a second time, and undoubtedly is a more effective measure in prevention than simply releasing them onto the streets, where crime in their demographic is prevalent. Part of the reason for such an enormous amount of crimes carried out by illegal aliens is the ease with which th ey can obtain assistance and backing from gangs, cost notable Mar Cultural, otherwise known as MS-13. Created in the sass by a group of Salvadoran peasants trained in guerilla warfare, MS-13 has become possibly Central America’s greatest problem, and a growing one in the United States. Since â€Å"precise† statistics are impossible to obtain, the true strength of MS-ass’s presence in America is unknown, but estimates claim over 15,000 members in over 115 cliques in 33 states, and these numbers are ever growing. Unlike Mafias of the past, where there was at least some code of conduct, MS-13 has become infamous for their depravity and brutality, not limiting themselves in any way. As noted in press releases by the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency, in 2003 multiple members of MS-13 were deported for the sexual assault of 2 minors, aged 16 and 17, displayed this brutality with the killing of children. V Physical harm caused by illegal aliens does not only come in the form of outright crime. Of 71 fatal car accidents on the Eastern Shore since 2002, thirteen were caused by illegal aliens, all but three of which had no insurance. In most cases, the vehicles had no inspection stickers, the drivers carried no license and alcohol was a factor. To anyone with common sense this comes as no surprise, seeing as one who displays contempt for the law by illegally entering the country, will probably show the same lack of respect toward any other laws, such as those put in place to keep US drivers safe. As well, there is the factor of diseases that are not endemic to the United States being spread by illegal aliens, who cross the border unscreened. Diseases either no longer existent in America, or seen only rarely, have seen comebacks or growth, including Malaria, Dengue, Leprosy, Hepatitis A-E, Chaos Disease, Sadomasochists, Guiana Worm Infection, Whooping Cough, Streptococci, Morsel’s, Tuberculosis and HIVE. Malaria has seen recent outbreaks in New Jersey, New York City, Houston, and California, although it was eradicated from the US in the sass. Dengue, a disease heretofore unknown in the US, has now been recognized in a few outbreaks. In the 40 years prior to 2002, only 900 cases of Leprosy had been recorded in the US. From 2002 to 2005, that number ballooned to 9,000, most of which were illegal aliens. In 2004, more than 650 people contracted Hepatitis A at a single Mexican restaurant in Pennsylvania, four of whom died. Chaos disease is endemic to Central and South America, and until recently was unknown in the United States; current estimates show up to 500,000 people infected with it, mostly illegal aliens. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease that kills approximately 2 million people around the world each year, and is spread in the same fashion as the common cold. The United States has one of the lowest Tuberculosis rates in the world, whereas Mexico is 10 times higher. As if that wasn’t bad enough, a few years ago a Multi-Drug-Resistant (MAD) strain of TAB has emerged, that is resistant to all tankard antibiotics, and treatment can cost between $250,000 and $1 per person. According to one expert, in 2005, of the 407 known cases of MAD-TAB in California, 84% were in â€Å"foreign born† patients, mostly from Mexico and the Philippines who had been in America less than 5 years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 a newer strain was recognized, referred to as CDR-TAB (Extensive/Extreme Drug Resistant), which, as of late 2006, accounted for 4% of all US MAD-TAB cases, and is virtually incurable regardless of cost. While exact numbers for HIVE infected illegal aliens are impossible to obtain, due to he fact that researchers rarely ask one’s citizenship status, what is known is that in California there are roughly 2 HIVE infected Latin women for every infected Caucasian woman. The criminal ramification of so many illegal immigrants plays a role in the financial effect as well. Between 2001 and 2004, the Federal Bureau of Prisons’ cost to incarcerate illegal aliens rose from about $950 million to about $1. 2 billion. As this is federal spending, it is money obtained through taxation, essentially leaving law- incarcerated illegal aliens deported, federal spending could drop more than $1 lions dollars a year, by all means a small move toward pulling the country out of debt, but a move nonetheless. The sheer mass of humanity pouring over the borders is something that cannot be withstood by America’s financial means, and it’s starting to show. In August 2009, the unemployment rate in America peaked at 9. %, more than double the 4. 6% of Just 2 years earlier, partly due to the fact that illegal immigrants have taken many Jobs once held by taxpaying American citizens. These illegal laborers have little trouble finding Jobs, especially those requiring little to no special skills, since they are willing o work for little, and their employment i s under-the-table, saving employers money that would otherwise be spent on employee benefits and taxes. In the US, illegal immigrants currently make up 20% of cooks, 25% of construction laborers, 22% of maids/housekeepers, 25% of grounds maintenance workers, and 29% of agricultural workers. The combined total Jobs now unavailable to taxpaying Americans Just in these 5 professions exceeds 1. 72 million! Viii As if the direct financial ramifications of illegal immigrants taking Jobs from citizens weren’t enough, taxpaying Americans are all but forced into financial benison by the second half of the coin. Due to millions of dollars in taxes not being paid due to illegal immigrants being paid off the books, taxes are hiked up to compensate for the drop in money being obtained by the government through taxation. So, while the illegal alien has a Job that pays him in cash, and no taxes to pay, the unemployed American citizen is now forced to pay higher tax rates without any income, which by definition can only lead to financial ruin, and subsequent reliance on the government for sustenance. A vast majority of those who advocate amnesty for illegal aliens are liberal Democrats, whose central political belief is that of a powerful government, and perhaps the fact the sudden influx of humanity would force more people into reliance on federal aid is precisely why. Amnesty for illegal aliens is, in concept, a beautiful, humanitarian idea. The argument usually flows along the lines of how poor, unskilled, uneducated workers from foreign countries only want to legally succeed, and support families, and become law abiding citizens who can better society. Statistics, however, quickly disprove this by displaying the truth behind the scourge of illegal immigrants. How their blatant, overall lack of respect for the nation’s laws harms Americans financially and physically. How even after being arrested, or deported, they continue to break the law with little regard to possible consequences. As well, advocates for amnesty refuse to realize the practical impossibility of it. If amnesty to all illegal aliens was granted, the economy would not be able to provide nearly enough Jobs (as we are now seeing). Thanks to â€Å"anchor babies† (babies born in the US to illegal alien parents, so that the baby will be US citizen by birth, thus asking deportation of its parents all but impossible), millions of dollars are doled out by the government every year to illegal aliens to care for their US citizen children in the form of WICK, food stamps, and welfare. If the parents of these children were all suddenly legalized, welfare and food stamps would be handed out for them as well, raising government spending, and vicariously all taxpaying citizens would suffer by sustenance to families that would prefer to suckle at the teat of the American government than to go out and work for a living. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people pour into America unlawfully. They upriver Americans of Jobs, receive government benefits that cost every taxpaying citizen, bring diseases, steal, assault, kill, drive recklessly, over-populate our prisons, and generally ignore the law. They come in such swarms that the entire American culture has been forced to bend to their will, with every large corporation and government agency now offering Spanish versions of all their services. They make life for American citizens financially difficult, and infuriate many with their brazen attitude toward learning English, with the belief that things must be available to them in Spanish. They make America a more dangerous place for all. Illegal immigration is a plague, and like all other plagues throughout history, it must be quashed quickly and decisively. Conclusion: All in all, we are all people. We all aspire to be something. Despite the facts that show the negatives upon minorities, they are forced into situations in which they cannot control or have a hard time in doing so because of racism. Racism puts them in an environment in which violence is constantly around them. Without the absence of racism and the acceptance of people into a new world in which is made for all and not Just some, there will never be a world which can prosper. How to cite Immigration Paper, Papers

Phrenology Essays - Phrenologists, Phrenology, Science, Criminology

Phrenology Phrenology is basically the study of personality through the study of the shape of the skull. The basis of this theory is that the brain conforms to the shape of the head and its contours. This pseudoscience says that because we have isolated where different parts of personality come from we can tell how dominant this trait would be in a person`s life by the size of the piece of the brain. We have since proven that this theory is not true. Franz Joseph Gall is considered to be the founder of the direct scientific link between the morphology of the skull and personality traits. Gall was one of the first scientists to consider the brain the home of all mental activities. His main work was called The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and of the Brain in Particular. In this article he put forth five points that phrenology was based on in general. 1. That moral and intellectual faculties and innate. 2. That their exercise or manifestation depends on organization. 3. That the brain is an organ of all the propensities, sentiments, and faculties. 4. The brain is composed of many particular organs as there are different propensities, sentiments, and faculties which differ from one another. 5. That the form of the head or cranium represents the form of the brain, and thus represents the relative development of the brain organs. Gall linked the faculties with precise brain localizations through careful observation and expensive experimental measures. Johann Spurzheim`s contribution to phrenology was also great. He helped Gall in a study of brain injuries with the phrenology concept Gall had created. He also studied many cases of aphasia following victim`s cranial injuries in battle. In 1832, he arrived in America, which was at that time desperate for insight into human personality, and started on a lecture circuit that eventually killed him only six months into it. While Spurzheim was in America he managed to inspire two young, frustrated evangelists whose names were Lorenzo Niles Fowler and Orson S. Fowler. These two are largely responsible for spreading phrenology throughout the country. They traveled from town to town carrying the truth of phrenology. They offered lectures, readings, and to evaluate the charteristics of total strangers through the bumps and valleys on their heads. Soon everyone from small-town folk to the rich and famous were getting readings. It became a fad throughout America. Hairstyles were changed to show off attractive phrenological features. Employers wanted people with certain phrenological profiles. They even asked for a reading by the Fowler`s as a reference. The Fowler`s New York office, called the Phrenological Cabinet became one of the most visited attractions in town. It served as a museum of sorts also containing hundreds of heads of famous people. The Fowler`s also published a great amount of material. They put out the American Phrenological Journal and Miscellany, many books and materials on phrenology, and they published the first volume by a young writer named Walt Whitman. They were considered the leading phrenologists of their time. Caesar`s phrenological bust (left) **Franz Joseph Gall Phrenology was a craze in the 1800s. Everyone wanted to have a reading. People even wanted to show off their more exciting phrenological features by changing their hairstyles. The craze went as far as employers only wanting certain characteristics found in their phrenological profiles. The only problem with all of these things is that phrenology has no scientific basis at all. The craze went as far as employers only wanting certain characteristics found in their phrenological profiles. The only problem with all of these things is that phrenology has been proven wrong. First of all, it appears that most of Gall`s early research was done on criminals and the insane. This led him to place theft organs and murder organs in the brain. Spurzheim later got rid of these and replaced them with such things as benevolence and self-esteem. Second of all scientists know today that personality is not isolated in different parts of the brain. The parts interact in a way that wasn`t realized in the 1800s. While phrenology still has its advocates for the most part it has been proved wrong and is out of date. Phrenology has been important though. It has brought about psychological theories that might not have been thought of for years. It has influenced some of the great thinkers and writers of our time. Such as Edgar Allen Poe, Walt Whitman, Queen Victoria of Great Britain, and hundreds of others. It has allowed us to